Microbiology and Pathology Quiz 13

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Question 1 of 20

1. Question

An endemic infection is BEST described as:

An infection occurring more frequently than normal within a population.
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An infection occurring worldwide.
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An infection which occurs within different countries.
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An infection occurring at a minimal level within a population.
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None of the above.
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Question 2 of 20

2. Question

Ludwig angina, a cellulitis that rapidly progresses and can obstruct the airway, involves all of the following fascial spaces EXCEPT:

Sublingual
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Submandibular
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Submental
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Parapharyngeal
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None of the above (meaning all listed are involved).
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Question 3 of 20

3. Question

Which of the following is defined as a fluid-filled sac lined by true epithelium?

Granuloma
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Abscess
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Cellulitis
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Cyst
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All of the above.
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Question 4 of 20

4. Question

Which infectious state is characterized as having active growth of microorganisms with or without symptoms?

Chronic
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Acute
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Latent
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Subclinical
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Carrier
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Question 5 of 20

5. Question

The correct temperature and time for autoclaving (moist heat sterilization) is:

$121^\circ\text{C}$ for $15$-$20$ minutes.
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$320^\circ\text{F}$ for 2 hours.
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$170^\circ\text{C}$ for 1 hour.
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$250^\circ\text{F}$ for 4 hours.
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. $132^\circ\text{C}$ for $20$-$30$ minutes.
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Question 6 of 20

6. Question

Which bloodborne pathogen poses the greatest risk of infection amongst healthcare workers, necessitating universal precautions?

Hepatitis B (HBV)
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HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)
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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
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HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)
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Hepatitis C (HCV)
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Question 7 of 20

7. Question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding tuberculosis (TB) infection?

Secondary form is widely disseminated.
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Ghon complex is characteristic of the primary and secondary form.
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It is a viral infection.
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It is contracted via bloodborne transmission.
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It does not involve lymph nodes.
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Question 8 of 20

8. Question

Hemoptysis (coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum) is a clinical symptom of each of the following diseases EXCEPT:

Pneumonia
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Tuberculosis
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Emphysema
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Bronchitis.
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Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis.
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Question 9 of 20

9. Question

Ascites (excess fluid accumulation in the abdomen) is characteristic of each of the following diseases EXCEPT:

Pancreatitis
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Pneumonia
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Congestive heart failure.
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Constrictive pericarditis.
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Nephrotic syndrome.
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Question 10 of 20

10. Question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding syndromes of malabsorption?

It can result in steatorrhea.
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Celiac disease is most likely caused by infection of some sort.
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There is a correlation between increased length of breastfeeding and Whipple disease.
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Malabsorption is due to nutrients not being absorbed by the large intestine.
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Sore tongue is a clinical complication of Whipple disease.
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Question 11 of 20

11. Question

Which of the following is TRUE of caries pathogenesis?

Glucans and fructans inhibit the adherence of plaque to the tooth surface.
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Lactic acid buildup causes an increase in salivary pH.
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The most detrimental effect on salivary pH is the frequency of carbohydrate intake.
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Sucrose is a byproduct of glucan metabolism.
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The quantity of carbohydrate intake is not detrimental to salivary pH.
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Question 12 of 20

12. Question

Each of the following typically comprises a component of dental calculus EXCEPT:

Calcium
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Hydroxyapatite
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Carbohydrate
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Desquamated cells.
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By-products of viral replication.
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Question 13 of 20

13. Question

Each of the following is true of free radical injury EXCEPT:

It can lead to cross-linking of proteins.
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It is generated from redox reactions.
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It can induce autocatalytic reactions.
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. It is formed from catalase.
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It is induced by activated oxygen species.
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Question 14 of 20

14. Question

Which of the following is TRUE of pathologic calcification?

Metastatic calcification occurs in damaged heart valves.
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Metastatic calcification is due in part to increased phosphate concentration.
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Serum calcium is normal in dystrophic calcification.
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Dystrophic calcification occurs with normal tissue.
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Eggshell calcification cannot be seen on chest x-ray.
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Question 15 of 20

15. Question

Each of the following is true of acute inflammation EXCEPT:

PMNs are the first leukocyte to respond.
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. Granuloma formation includes formation of pus from neutrophils, necrotic cells, and exudates.
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Regeneration is the first stage of wound repair following inflammation.
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Chronic inflammation differs from acute in that monocytes and macrophages are present.
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. Elimination of infectious agents and ridding of necrotic tissue occur in the initial response.
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Question 16 of 20

16. Question

Which of the following autosomal chromosomal abnormalities occurs most frequently?

Edward syndrome
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Patau syndrome
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Klinefelter syndrome
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Down syndrome
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Turner syndrome
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Question 17 of 20

17. Question

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pathological changes seen in primary hypertension?

There is hypertrophy of capillaries.
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Decreased wall-to-lumen ratio.
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Increased arteriolar and capillary density.
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Decreased smooth muscle growth.
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Decreased cross-sectional area of capillaries and arterioles.
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Question 18 of 20

18. Question

Each of the following is a risk factor for atherosclerosis EXCEPT:

Smoking
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Hypertension
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Premenopause
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Nephrosclerosis
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Diabetes
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Question 19 of 20

19. Question

Which of the following is TRUE of right-sided heart failure?

Isolated right heart failure is common.
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Typically occurs independent of left heart failure.
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Can be a sequelae of cor pulmonale.
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Typical symptoms include rales and cardiac enlargement.
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A S3 or S4 (gallop rhythm) is heard when present.
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Question 20 of 20

20. Question

A deficiency in which enzyme/protein is characteristic of panlobular emphysema (a genetic form of emphysema)?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin increase.
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Chronic inflammation of the bronchial tree.
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A decrease in alpha-1 antitrypsin.
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Viral or bacterial infection.
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Increased airway hyperreactivity.
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Microbiology and Pathology Quiz 13

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